Thinking about IVF but not sure what it involves? You’re not alone. IVF (in vitro fertilisation) is one of the most well-known fertility treatments in the world — but also one of the most misunderstood.

In this beginner-friendly guide, we’ll explain exactly how IVF works in the UK, what each step includes, and who might need it. Whether you’re researching for yourself, your partner, or a loved one, this is a calm, clear place to start.

What Does IVF Actually Mean?

IVF stands for in vitro fertilisation, meaning “fertilisation in glass.” It’s a process where an egg and sperm are combined outside the body in a laboratory. If fertilisation is successful, the resulting embryo is transferred into the uterus.

People choose IVF for many reasons: blocked fallopian tubes, male factor infertility, age-related decline, same-sex parenting, or unexplained issues.

For a deeper look at early fertility tests, read our guide:
👉 Fertility Tests: What to Expect and What They Mean

Step-by-Step: The IVF Process (UK Edition)

1. Suppression or Downregulation (optional)

Some IVF protocols begin by pausing your natural cycle with medication, giving doctors more control over timing.

2. Ovarian Stimulation

You take daily hormone injections to encourage your ovaries to grow multiple eggs. Progress is tracked via blood tests and ultrasound scans.

3. Trigger Injection

About 36 hours before egg retrieval, a final hormone injection matures the eggs for collection.

4. Egg Collection

This is a short procedure under sedation. A fine needle retrieves the eggs from your ovaries via ultrasound guidance.

5. Sperm Collection

Sperm is usually provided on the same day or thawed from a frozen sample. It’s then washed and prepared in the lab.

6. Fertilisation

The lab combines the eggs and sperm. Embryologists check the next day to see if fertilisation has occurred.

7. Embryo Development

Embryos are cultured in the lab for 3–6 days. The best-quality embryos are chosen for transfer or freezing.

8. Embryo Transfer

A thin catheter places the embryo into the uterus. This quick procedure is painless and often compared to a smear test.

9. The Two-Week Wait

You’ll continue hormone support and wait 9–14 days before taking a pregnancy test.

Need help preparing emotionally for this phase?
👉 Coping with the Emotional Side of TTC

Does IVF Hurt?

Most people find the injections manageable and egg collection is done under sedation, so discomfort is usually mild.
However, many say the emotional side is far more intense than the physical aspects.

NHS vs Private IVF in the UK

Some patients qualify for NHS-funded IVF, but access depends on:

• Your age

• How long you’ve been trying

• Whether you have children

• Your BMI and smoking status

• Local ICB policies

Private IVF costs typically range from £5,000 to £10,000+ per cycle, but you may gain faster access and more flexibility.

Want to compare options?
👉 NHS vs Private Fertility Treatment in the UK

Who Might Need IVF?

• Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes

• Low ovarian reserve or egg quality

• Male factor infertility (low sperm count or motility)

• Unexplained infertility

• LGBTQ+ couples or solo parents

• Fertility preservation due to medical treatments

• Use of donor sperm or donor eggs

IVF Success Rates: What to Know

IVF isn’t a guarantee — but it does offer a path where natural conception may not. Success rates vary depending on:

• Your age

• Your diagnosis

• Egg and embryo quality

• The clinic you choose

Explore clinic success rates on HFEA.gov.uk.

Final Thoughts

IVF may sound overwhelming at first, but it’s a highly structured, supportive process. Millions have been through it — and you don’t need to understand everything right away. You just need to take the next step.

You’re not alone. IVF in London is here to help.