Starting fertility testing can feel overwhelming. With so many acronyms, blood tests, and procedures, it’s easy to feel lost. However, understanding what’s coming can help you feel more in control — and less intimidated by the process.

Whether you’re going through the NHS or considering private IVF clinics, many of the same core tests apply. These investigations are your first window into what’s really happening inside your body (or your partner’s). Most importantly, they’re not a verdict — just a starting point.

In this post, you’ll find a friendly, non-medical breakdown of the most common fertility tests. No jargon. No shame. Just calm, clear guidance.

Related reading: How to Talk to Your GP About Fertility Concerns

Fertility Tests for Women

Let’s walk through the most commonly requested female fertility tests.

1. AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone)

• What it is: Estimates your ovarian reserve (how many eggs remain).

• How it’s done: Blood test on any day of your cycle.

• What it means: Higher AMH = more eggs, but not necessarily better quality. Low AMH doesn't mean you can’t conceive — just that your reserve is reduced.

2. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

• What it is: Reflects how hard your body has to work to stimulate your ovaries.

• How it’s done: Blood test on day 2–5 of your cycle.

• What it means: High FSH may suggest reduced ovarian function.

3. LH (Luteinising Hormone)

• What it is: Triggers ovulation.

• How it’s done: Usually tested alongside FSH.

• What it means: High LH may indicate PCOS, while low LH could suggest ovulation issues.

4. Oestradiol (E2)

• What it is: A type of oestrogen important for egg development.

• How it’s done: Blood test on day 2–5.

• What it means: High early E2 levels may artificially lower FSH results or signal a hormonal imbalance.

5. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

• What it is: Checks thyroid health, which impacts ovulation and pregnancy outcomes.

• How it’s done: Simple blood test.

• What it means: An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) can affect fertility and increase miscarriage risk.

External link: NHS thyroid testing

6. Prolactin

• What it is: A hormone that can disrupt ovulation if too high.

• How it’s done: Blood test.

• What it means: Elevated levels may require further tests to rule out underlying issues.

7. Ultrasound Scan (Pelvic or Transvaginal)

• What it is: Checks ovaries and uterus.

• What it shows: Antral follicle count (AFC), fibroids, cysts, and possible signs of endometriosis.

• Why it matters: AFC is often used alongside AMH to estimate ovarian reserve.

8. HSG (Hysterosalpingogram)

• What it is: A dye test to see if your fallopian tubes are open.

• How it’s done: Dye is injected via a speculum; X-rays track the flow through your uterus and tubes.

• What it means: Blocked tubes may indicate the need for IVF.

See also: What is a Hysterosalpingogram?

Fertility Tests for Men

Male factor infertility is just as common as female — and semen analysis is often the first test.

1. Semen Analysis

• What it is: Evaluates sperm count, movement, shape, and volume.

• How it’s done: A sample is produced at a clinic or at home (if delivered quickly).

• What it means: Results help determine if male factor infertility is involved.

Typical Ranges (WHO Reference):

• Count: >15 million/mL

• Motility: >40% moving

• Morphology: >4% normal forms

External link: HFEA guide to male fertility testing

What the Results Don’t Mean

Although your results may feel final, they’re just one part of the bigger picture.

• Fertility is not static — hormone levels and sperm quality can change.

• “Low” numbers don’t rule out natural conception.

• “Good” numbers don’t guarantee pregnancy.

• You are more than your test results.

Want to explore more? Read: IVF Success Rates by Age

What Happens Next?

Once your results are in, your GP or fertility specialist may recommend:

• Additional testing — e.g. laparoscopy, genetic screening

• Lifestyle changes — diet, supplements, exercise

• Medication — such as ovulation induction

• Referral — for IUI, IVF, or specialist review

Tips to Make the Process Easier

• Ask for printouts of your test results

• Track your cycle — timing affects many tests

• Bring your partner if you’re nervous

• Always ask questions — you deserve clarity

Final Thoughts

Getting fertility tests can feel cold and clinical. However, it’s actually an act of care — you’re checking in on your future. That takes strength.

Remember, this isn’t a pass/fail situation. It’s the first step in gaining knowledge, support, and choice. Wherever this journey takes you, you’ve already done something brave.

Related Posts (Internal Links)

• How to Talk to Your GP About Fertility Concerns

• Choosing the Right Clinic for You

• NHS vs Private IVF Treatment